Abstracts

The phenomena of chemiluminescence and bioluminescence, although well-characterized in liquid phases, have long remained elusive in solid-state matrices, such as macroscopic crystals.^[1] Our fundamental work in 2019^[2] unveiled that chemiluminescence in centimeter-sized crystals of organic peroxides, including hydroperoxides, endoperoxides, aroyl peroxides, and dioxetanes, can be thermally induced, demonstrating the generality of this process across these classes. In a subsequent study in 2020^[3], we also showed that the bioluminescence reaction of cypridina luciferin and luciferase could be mechanically induced in solid media, thus bridging the gap between liquid and solid-state chemiluminescence and bioluminescence.While follow-up studies by other research groups have greatly enhanced our understanding of these phenomena, significant challenges remain, particularly in fully elucidating the underlying mechanisms and improving the quantum yields of solid-state chemiluminescence. Moreover, the initiation of solid-state chemiluminescence has thus far been restricted to thermal or mechanical activation, potentially limiting its applications. Key questions regarding the enhancement of quantum yield and the identification of alternative activation methods are yet to be answered.To date, the practical applications of these phenomena have not been fully realized. However, their potential, especially in the realm of solar energy storage, is promising. The primary challenge for these applications is the low quantum yield of the solid-state chemiluminescence reaction, which significantly limits the efficiency of energy release. Moreover, the potential for using these phenomena in analytical tests, such as the quantification of dibenzoyl peroxide, a key polymerization initiator, suggests broader applicability as a sensor for various analytes.Future research in solid-state chemiluminescence and bioluminescence should also focus on overcoming current limitations by exploring alternative activation methods. A promising direction could involve the synthesis of peroxide-containing molecules with protective groups, which, upon reaction with a cleaving agent, could initiate the chemiluminescence reaction, similar to mechanisms observed in solution-phase reactions.This keynote presentation will offer a comprehensive overview of the current state of solid-state chemiluminescence and bioluminescence, emphasizing the significant challenges and proposing future research directions. It aims to catalyze collaborative efforts within the scientific community to advance our fundamental understanding and explore practical applications of these phenomena, thereby fostering innovation in both academic and applied research domains.[1] M. Vacher, I. Fdez. Galván, S. Schramm, B.-W. Ding, R. Berraud-Pache, P. Naumov, N. Ferré, Y.-J. Liu, I. Navizet, D. Roca-Sanjuán, W. J. Baader, R. Lindh, Chemical Reviews 2018, 118, 6927-6974. [2] S. Schramm, D. P. Karothu, N. M. Lui, P. Commins, E. Ahmed, L. Catalano, L. Li, J. Weston, T. Moriwaki, K. M. Solntsev, P. Naumov, Nature Communications 2019, 10, 997. [3] S. Schramm, M. B. Al-Handawi, D. P. Karothu, A. Kurlevskaya, P. Commins, Y. Mitani, C. Wu, Y. Ohmiya, P. Naumov, Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2020, 59, 16485-16489.