Abstracts

Luminescence occurs as a result of thermal, optical or radiation-induced stimulation. During exposure, radiation energy accumulates and is stored in the object under study. Radiation-induced luminescence should be distinguished from other luminescent phenomena, such as photoluminescence, phosphorescence, etc., which do not depend on the dose of exposure. The study aimed to interpret the content of transformation products of aqueous solutions of sulfaguanidine and chloramphenicol under UV light and an electron beam using UV-Vis absorption and luminescence spectroscopy. We also analyzed COD and total organic carbon (TOC ) by physicochemical methods. Many chemical measurements are subject to international guidelines and regulations. We carried out TOC measurements using Folin reagent at 740 nm. Sulfonamides are among the most commonly consumed veterinary antibiotics in the EU: they are used for the prevention and treatment of diseases in livestock. Chloramphenicol shows good solubility in water and is therefore used for parenteral use as a broad-spectrum antibiotic. However, it has a number of adverse effects: dose-dependent irreversible aplastic anemia. dose-dependent reversible bone marrow suppression in newborns. Following their administration, significant amounts may be excreted from the body as parent compounds and/or metabolites and released into the environment during grazing or spreading of manure. Moreover, the released acetyl conjugates can be cleaved back to the parent compound and can be transported to surface and groundwater.To prevent further environmental contamination and adverse effects of antimicrobial agents, understanding the fate of these compounds in the environment is necessary. To assess the mobility of pollutants in the environment, knowledge of their photostability is crucial. Our experiments showed that the studied sulfaguanidine and its photoproducts have greater photostability than chloramphenicol. We found that the relatively high COD value and high content of phenolic compounds after UV irradiation indicate that the transformation of the parent compounds leads to a set of organic compounds, possibly more toxic. The presence of organic substances in aqueous solutions of antibiotics after the electron beam must be taken into account. Total organic carbon has proven to be very useful in obtaining quantitative and qualitative information on both the absolute value and the trend of the original antibiotic molecule after electron beam treatment. As a promising technology, indeed, due to the advantages of no chemical additives, electron beam treatment can be widely popularized and become a mature technology in the pre-purification stage of water from organic impurities.